102
105
E
probability
-1
Buckling
ridges cause crumpling noise
¥E. Kramer,
¥A. Lobkovsky
¥1996
sound amplitude
time(sec)
0.5
discrete events, each with energy E
Fig. 7. Plot of the
click energy distribution function
for h = 3.0 (3), 5.0 (4), and 10.0
mil ( ). The straight line is a
power law with alpha = 1.0.
cf. P. Houle and J. Sethna, 1996
broad, power-law range of sound energies reflects heterogeneous structure