Unstretchable d-cone: sets stage for d-cone puzzles
E. Cerda and L. Mahadavan 1990s
S. Venkataramani
F
s labels point on unit circle
curves only perpendicular to radial lines, curvature c(s)
s
Bending energy: B = k ˜_r dr / r2    ˜ ds c(s)2
rmin
rmax
detached region: minimizing B ~ finding the shape of a compressed thin rod (Euler).
rim constraints determine length and compressive force. 
Results:
s reaches the rim at sc = 69.9 degrees for small deflection
rim
the force from the rim is independent of s, except...
an extra impulsive force acts at the takeoff point: 0.411 F for small deflection
(similar universal geometry happens in confined fibers.) 
log rmax /rmin